“Now I will tell you how Octavia, the spider-web city, is made. There is a precipice between two steep mountains: the city is over the void, bound to the two crests with ropes and chains and catwalks. You walk on the little wooden ties, careful not to set your foot in the open spaces, or you cling to the hempen strands. Below there is nothing for hundreds and hundreds of feet: a few clouds glide past; farther down you can glimpse the chasm’s bed. …
Suspended over the abyss, the life of Octavia’s inhabitants is less uncertain than in other cities. They know the net will only last so long.” — Invisible Cities, Italo Calvino
A few things to know before we set out:
First, we’re going up… and (maybe) down, so pack your chutes. Aidan asked me to write a post about worldbuilding in the air — a somewhat non-traditional fantasy setting — because of a few stories I have in the wind. I set both the short story, “A Moment of Gravity, Circumscribed,”1 out this month in XIII: Stories of Transformation (Resurrection House, March 2015), and my upcoming novel Updraft above the clouds.
Second: Gravity’s a tough mistress. I hope you checked that chute before you packed it.
Third, there’s nothing “traditional” about today’s terra-firma fantasy landscape. A look at the recent offerings from Elizabeth Bear (Karen Memory, the Eternal Sky series, all from Tor), Katherine Addison (The Goblin Emperor, Tor 2014), and Ken Liu (The Grace of Kings, Saga, 2015) each offer vistas beyond the familiar hill and vale.
That said, when setting a story far above the ground, there are a number of extra worldbuilding issues to consider. These include natural versus man-made hazards, line of attack, line of supply, and necessity.
Setting a story in the air is a great opportunity to put your characters in jeopardy… and leave them there.
Doing so can be occasioned by a call of duty — as with Anne McCaffrey’s Dragonriders series (please don’t suck, movie, please), or as a piece of a larger setting — as in the floating islands of Arianus in the Death Gate series (Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman, Spectra, 1990s). Oppositionally, the internal and external cultures of K.W. Jeter’s Farewell Horizontal (St. Martins, 1989) and Steven Gould’s short story “Peaches for Mad Molly,” have arrayed themselves on mega high-rises because there is seemingly nowhere else to go.
You might otherwise set your story in the air for reasons of culture and environment: Bellerophon’s estates in Firefly float above the waves for added security; Star Wars’ Cloud City does so because it’s stationed on a gas giant that would crush it at any lower elevation. The castle in Diana Wynne Jones’ Castle in the Sky floats because: Howl. (Ditto, Miyazaki’s version). Meantime, the floating population of Rajan Khanna’s Falling Sky (Pyr 2014) raises itself on airships to avoid the dangerous ferals down below.
Let’s say that you live above the wreckage of North American civilization. Let’s say that below you, on the ground, live a horde of deadly Ferals who could pass you the Bug with just a drop of bodily fluids. – Falling Sky, Rhajan Khanna
Art by Bzzz88
Height can mean safety or security. It can indicate or confer status. It offers the ability to see far iin some cases, and avoid having things dropped on you in others (unless your enemies somehow get above you). In cases like the Eyrie in George Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire (Bantam/Voyager, forever and ever), it means that the only approach to your home is one you control.
Sky settings and their cousins the outcrop setting (viz. the Eyrie) have other benefits. They offer philosophies and perspectives that we might otherwise find in fantasy landscapes. Italo Calvino’s sky cities are some of my favorites in Invisible Cities (Harcourt Brace, 1978) for just this reason. And while you might (read: will almost certainly) have to give up your horse and your heavy armor, you can gain wings and bridges, machines that override physics (Jeter’s main character has a motorcycle that runs verticals like highways), bird-people, angel-adjuncts, and dragons. Oh such glorious dragons.
So, too, do you trade the challenge of a river crossing or a plains encampment for problems with wind, weather, and gravity. In a setting where fall and fail are synonymous, these are no small problems. In the air, dumb luck or pure stupidity can kill your characters just as dead as guile and malice.
And in the air, line of attack and line of approach go beyond horizontal. Air Force cadets learn this early, as do video gamers. “The enemy’s gate is down,” is a useful rule beyond the setting of the battle room — in the air, an attack can come from above, below, or any angle. Similarly, battles take place in three dimensions. This means more authorial blocking is required, but it also means your characters must understand the rules of the road or they’re going to crash into each other.
How your airborne culture transports things is also key – do they carry valuables up? Grow food in place? Trade between ships?
How is perpetuity maintained in your sky culture? History is a heavy burden. What your sky-folk can store or carry impacts how high they can go or stay.
In an airborne culture, dangers and difficulties can come from any direction. But then again, so can your story.
“There are three hypotheses about the inhabitants of Baucis: that they hate the earth; that they respect it so much they avoid all contact; that they love it as it was before they existed and with spyglasses and telescopes aimed downward they never tire of examining it, leaf by leaf, stone by stone, ant by ant, contemplating with fascination their own absence.” — Invisible Cities, Italo Calvino
- The title for this essay comes from a line in “A Moment of Gravity, Circumscribed.” ↩
Written by Fran Wilde
- Hugo Award
Winner
- About Aidan Moher
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I tell you. Airpunk, Fran. Airpunk! :)
I’ll see your airpunk and raise you punkpunkpunk.
Wasn’t that THE WARRIORS!
I am so looking forward to Updraft! I’m sure the setting will be amazing ;o)
Kathleen – I can’t wait to talk with you (and everyone) about it. When is it September already!
I was recently talking about Tracy Hickman’s genius in realizing that a 2D flat dungeon is boring for gaming, which is a different flavor of story and authoring. First he did Ravenloft and made a vertical castle, then he did a floating city for DragonLance, because a) god-caused cataclysm with suspended rules of physics and b) dragons. Both of these games were, uh, groundbreaking, because the environment itself became, if not an enemy, a threat or something to be used in play.
I am sure we’ll see the same from Updraft!
Environment as threat is a great thing – and I think all worldbuilding shows some of it. The fact that it’s gone 3D is a big deal too. I kind of blame WW1 (& 2) for that, though this is pure conjecture. When people realized they could be attacked from the air, literature *changed* and art did too. Look at Max Ernst’s work from the period just after. Guernica, too, but that’s a little different.
Moving things up into the air means attacks from all sides.
Do suspended rules of physics always lead to dragons? (Anathem joke. Sorry/Not sorry.)
[…] For more on Updraft, and Wilde’s unique take on fantasy worldbuilding, be sure to check out her feature article here on A Dribble of Ink, Gravity’s Own Monster! […]
[…] stories I have in the wind. I set both the short story, “A Moment of Gravity, Circumscribed,”1 out this month in XIII: Stories of Transformation (Resurrection House, March 2015), and my upcoming […]
[…] been fascinated by worlds concealed above the clouds, set apart from the happenings on the ground. In discussing worldbuilding in the air, Updraft author Fran Wilde talks about what sky cities can represent: status, culture, control, or […]